Change all the verbs in brackets into the past tense
Evidence of Neanderthal habitation in Gibraltar between 128,000 and 24,000 BCE has been discovered at Gorham's Cave, making Gibraltar the last known holdout of the Neanderthals. Within recorded history, the first inhabitants ... (be) the Phoenicians, around 950 BCE. Subsequently, Gibraltar .... (become ) known as one of the Pillars of Hercules, after the Greek legend of the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar by Heracles. The Carthaginians and Romans also .... (establish) semi-permanent settlements. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, Gibraltar .... (come ) briefly under the control of the Vandals. The area later ....( form) part of the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania until the Islamic conquest of Iberia in 711 CE. Seven centuries of Moorish control .... (end) when Gibraltar was recaptured by the Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1462 as part of the Spanish Reconquista.
After the conquest, King Henry IV .... (assume ) the title of King of Gibraltar, establishing it as part of the municipal area of the Campo Llano de Gibraltar. Six years later Gibraltar was restored to the Duke of Medina Sidonia who .... (sell) it in 1474 to a group of Jewish conversos from Córdoba and Seville in exchange for maintaining the garrison of the town for two years. The 4,350 Jews were expelled two years later by the Duke as part of the Inquisition In 1501 Gibraltar ...( pass) back to the hands of the Spanish Crown and Isabella I of Castile issued a Royal Warrant granting Gibraltar the coat of arms that it still uses today.
Gibraltar was ceded in perpetuity by Spain to Britain under the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht which ... (conclude) the war. Spain ....( attempt) to retake Gibraltar in 1727 and in 1779, when it .....( enter) the American Revolutionary War on the American side as an ally of France Gibraltar subsequently became a key base for the Royal Navy, first playing an important part prior to the Battle of Trafalgar. Its strategic value .... (increase) with the opening of the Suez Canal as it .....( control) the sea route between the UK and the British Empire east of Suez.
In the 1950s, Franco .... (renew) Spain's claim to sovereignty over Gibraltar and ....(restrict) movement between Gibraltar and Spain. Gibraltarians ..... (vote) to remain under British sovereignty in a 1967 referendum which ..... (lead) to the passing of the Gibraltar Constitution Order in 1969. In response, Spain (close) the border with Gibraltar and severed all communication links. The border with Spain was partially .... (reopen) in 1982, and fully.....( reopen) in 1985 prior to Spain's accession into the European Community.
The British government has committed itself to respecting the Gibraltarians' wishes. A new Constitution Order was approved in referendum in 2006. A process of tripartite negotiations ..... ( start) in 2006 between Spain, Gibraltar and the UK, ending some restrictions and dealing with disputes in some specific areas such as air movements, customs procedures, telecommunications, pensions and cultural exchange]
Vocabulary-Underline unknown words
Try to assign the meaning to the new word by the use of inference (using the context where it appears)
Write them down and their translation
-
-
-
Get in pairs and check with your fellow mate
The whole class to check meanings
Read the text paying attention the pronunciation of -ed
Task 2 Individual/Pair/Group work
Etymology
The name Gibraltar is the Spanish derivation of the Arabic name Jabal Tāriq (جبل طارق), meaning "mountain of Tariq". It refers to the geological formation, the Rock of Gibraltar, which in turn was named after the Berber Umayyad general Tariq ibn-Ziyad who led the initial incursion into Iberia in advance of the main Moorish force in 711 under the command of Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid I. Earlier, it was known as Mons Calpe, one of the Pillars of Hercules. Today, Gibraltar is colloquially referred to as Gib or The Rock.
History
Change all the verbs in brackets into the past tense
Evidence of Neanderthal habitation in Gibraltar between 128,000 and 24,000 BCE has been discovered at Gorham's Cave, making Gibraltar the last known holdout of the Neanderthals. Within recorded history, the first inhabitants ... (be) the Phoenicians, around 950 BCE. Subsequently, Gibraltar .... (become ) known as one of the Pillars of Hercules, after the Greek legend of the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar by Heracles. The Carthaginians and Romans also .... (establish) semi-permanent settlements. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, Gibraltar .... (come ) briefly under the control of the Vandals. The area later ....( form) part of the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania until the Islamic conquest of Iberia in 711 CE. Seven centuries of Moorish control .... (end) when Gibraltar was recaptured by the Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1462 as part of the Spanish Reconquista.
After the conquest, King Henry IV .... (assume ) the title of King of Gibraltar, establishing it as part of the municipal area of the Campo Llano de Gibraltar. Six years later Gibraltar was restored to the Duke of Medina Sidonia who .... (sell) it in 1474 to a group of Jewish conversos from Córdoba and Seville in exchange for maintaining the garrison of the town for two years. The 4,350 Jews were expelled two years later by the Duke as part of the Inquisition In 1501 Gibraltar ...( pass) back to the hands of the Spanish Crown and Isabella I of Castile issued a Royal Warrant granting Gibraltar the coat of arms that it still uses today.
On 4 August 1704, during the War of the Spanish Succession, a combined Anglo-Dutch force captured the town of Gibraltar.
Gibraltar was ceded in perpetuity by Spain to Britain under the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht which ... (conclude) the war. Spain ....( attempt) to retake Gibraltar in 1727 and in 1779, when it .....( enter) the American Revolutionary War on the American side as an ally of France Gibraltar subsequently became a key base for the Royal Navy, first playing an important part prior to the Battle of Trafalgar. Its strategic value .... (increase) with the opening of the Suez Canal as it .....( control) the sea route between the UK and the British Empire east of Suez.
In the 1950s, Franco .... (renew) Spain's claim to sovereignty over Gibraltar and ....(restrict) movement between Gibraltar and Spain. Gibraltarians ..... (vote) to remain under British sovereignty in a 1967 referendum which ..... (lead) to the passing of the Gibraltar Constitution Order in 1969. In response, Spain (close) the border with Gibraltar and severed all communication links. The border with Spain was partially .... (reopen) in 1982, and fully.....( reopen) in 1985 prior to Spain's accession into the European Community.
In a referendum held in 2002, Gibraltarians .... (reject) by an overwhelming majority (99%) a proposal of shared sovereignty Spanish and British .
The British government has committed itself to respecting the Gibraltarians' wishes. A new Constitution Order was approved in referendum in 2006. A process of tripartite negotiations ..... ( start) in 2006 between Spain, Gibraltar and the UK, ending some restrictions and dealing with disputes in some specific areas such as air movements, customs procedures, telecommunications, pensions and cultural exchange]
Vocabulary- Underline unknown words
Try to assign the meaning to the new word by the use of inference (using the context where it appears)
Write them down and their translation
-
-
-
Get in pairs and check with your fellow mate
The whole class to check meanings
Read the text paying attention the pronunciation of -ed
Make a list of the irregular verbs found